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[Created: 8 July, 2010]
[Updated: May 12, 2023 ] |
This is a collection of some of my favourite German classical liberal and radical thinkers.
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Wilhelm von Humboldt (1767-1835) was described by Friedrich Hayek as “Germany’s greatest philosopher of freedom.” Humboldt wrote in 1792 a path-breaking defense of the minimal state which had a profound influence on John Stuart Mill. Humboldt later became Director of the Section for Public Worship and Education, in the Ministry of Interior. In this capacity, he directed the reorganization of the Prussian public education system, and, in particular, founded the University of Berlin.
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Prince-Smith, John (1809-74). Liberal economist, born in London, where he worked as a parliamentary reporter before moving to Hamburg in 1828 to write for an English-language newspaper there. He was an ardent supporter of Bastiat. In 1831 he was employed as an English teacher at a local gymnasium. While in Hamburg Prince-Smith discovered economics and began writing about British economic developments for his German readers. In 1846 he settled in Berlin, where he published a small book on tariff reform in Britain and its likely impact on Europe after having become interested in Cobden, Bastiat, and the Anti-Corn-Law League. He also published works on banking and currency issues. In 1846 he founded a German free-trade association and was elected deputy representing Stettin in the Prussian parliament. Between 1870 and 1874 he was head of the Congress of German Economists. His writings include John Prince-Smith über die englische Tarifreform und ihre materiellen, sozialen und politischen Folgen für Europa (1846). His collected works, published shortly after his death, were titled John Prince-Smith’s Gesammelte Schriften (1877-80).
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Eugen Richter (1838-1906) was one of the very few radical liberals in late 19th century Germany. As a member of the Reichstag, he consistently opposed the growing budget, German militarism and imperialism, and the rise of socialism.
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Ludwig von Mises (1881-1973) was the acknowledged leader of the Austrian School of economic thought, a prodigious originator in economic theory, and a prolific author. Mises’ writings and lectures encompassed economic theory, history, epistemology, government, and political philosophy. His contributions to economic theory include important clarifications on the quantity theory of money, the theory of the trade cycle, the integration of monetary theory with economic theory in general, and a demonstration that socialism must fail because it cannot solve the problem of economic calculation. Mises was the first scholar to recognize that economics is part of a larger science in human action, a science which Mises called “praxeology”. He taught at the University of Vienna and later at New York University. Mises wrote many works on two related economic themes: 1. monetary economics, inflation, and the role of government, and 2. the differences between government-controlled economies and free trade. His influential work on economic freedoms, their causes and consequences, brought him to highlight the interrelationships between economic and non-economic freedoms in societies, and the appropriate role for government.
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Staats-Lexikon oder Encyklopädie der Staatswissenschaften in Verbindubg mit der vielen der angesehensten Publicisten Deutschlands, herausgegeben von Carl von Rotteck und Carl Welcker (Altona, Johann Friedrich Hammerich, 1834–1843), 15 Bände.
Supplemente zur ersten Auflage des Staats-Lexikons oder der Encyklopädie
Das Staats-Lexikon. Encyklopädie der sämmtlichen Staatswissenschafen für alle Stände, Leipzig 1845–1848, 12 Bände.
Das Staats-Lexikon. Encyklopädie der sämmtlichen Staatswissenschaften für all Stände. In Verbindung mit vielen der angesehensten Publicisten Deutschlands herausgegeben von Karl von Rotteck und Karl Welcker. Dritte, umgearbeitete, verbesserte und vermehrte Auflage. Herausgegeben von Karl Welcker. (Leipzig: Brockhaus, 1856-1866). 14 volumes. Table of Contents of the entire 14 volumes [PDF 5 MB].